History
Release of sky lanterns during Loi Kratong festival in Phuket, Thailand
A modern Kongming Lantern
According to popular lore, the Kongming Lantern (Chinese: ) was the first hot air balloon, said to be invented by the sage and military strategist Zhuge Liang, whose reverent term of address (i.e. Chinese style name) was Kongming. They were first deployed at the turn of the 3rd century as a type of signaling balloon or, it is claimed, as a type of spy blimp in warfare. Alternatively the name may come from the lantern’s resemblance to the hat Kongming is traditionally shown to be wearing.
It is likely that this technological discovery is misattributed because of the Chinese historical practice of attributing great discoveries to significant historical figures rather than to the actual inventors. According to the sinologist and historian of science Joseph Needham, the Chinese experimented with mini-hot air balloons from as early as the 3rd century BC, during the Warring States period, which suggests that the attribution of its invention to Kongming is anachronistic and apocryphal.
Usage in festivals
Chinese Festivals
In ancient China, sky lantern were strategically used in wars. However later on, non-military applications were employed as they became popular with children at carnivals. These lanterns were subsequently incorporated into festivals like the Chinese Mid-Autumn and Lantern Festivals. Pingsi in the Taipei County of Taiwan holds an annual Lantern Festival in which sky lanterns are released.
Thai Festivals
In Thailand, a multitude of Lanna-style sky lanterns (khom fai or khom loi) are launched into the air during the “Yi Peng” festival, which, due to a difference between the old Lanna calendar and the Thai calendar, is held on a full moon of the 2nd month of the Lanna calendarwhere they resemble large flocks of giant fluorescent jellyfish gracefully floating by through the skies. These are believed to help rid the locals of troubles and are also taken to decorate houses and streets. The most elaborate Yi Peng celebrations can be seen in Chiang Mai, the ancient capital of the former Lanna kingdom.
The people of Northern Thailand are famous for celebrating their sky lantern festivals. These lanterns are known as khom loi (Thai: ; floating lantern) or khom fai (Thai: ; fire lantern). Northern Thai people use sky lanterns all year round, for celebrations and other special occasions. One festival in particular is the Loy Kratong festival in which lovers and partners gather on the riverbanks to float flowers and candles, launch fireworks and release sky lanterns together. It is considered good luck to release a sky lantern, and many Thais believe they are symbolic of problems and worries floating away. In recent times, Khom loi has become so popular with the Thai people that it has become an integral part of the Loy Krathong festival for Thai people in all parts of the country.
Dangers
As sky lanterns contain a flame, there is the danger that they can cause a fire when landing on flammable ground. They can achieve quite a height and launching them in strong winds is not recommended. Malta, Germany and Australia have placed a temporary ban on the Sky Lanterns party products.
See also
Fire balloon
Balloon-carried light effect
References
^ Ancient Chinese Inventions, By Yinke Deng, Pingxing Wang, Contributor Pingxing Wang, Published by , 2005, ISBN 7508508378
^ http://www.alp.org.au/media/0809/mscons300.php
External links
How to Make Chinese Sky Lanterns
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sky lanterns
Pingsi Festival Send Lanterns Toward Heaven
Videos of Sky Lantern Festival
Categories: Thai culture | Aviation history | Balloons (aircraft) | LampsHidden categories: Articles needing additional references from January 2010 | All articles needing additional references | Articles containing traditional Chinese language text | Articles containing simplified Chinese language text | Articles containing Japanese language text | Articles containing Thai language text | Articles containing Chinese language text
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